EXPLANATION TEXT

 Definition of Explanation Text

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

Generic Structure of Explanation Text

1. General Statement

    Stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.

2. Sequenced of Explanation

    Stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

Purpose of Explanation Text

1. Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific, and

    cultural phenomena.

2. To explain how or why something happens.

Language Features of Explanation Text

In an explanation text, there are linguistic features as below :

1. Using simple present tense.

2. Using abstract noun (no visible noun).

3. Using passive voice.

4. Using action verbs.

5. Containing explanation of the process

Explanation text example 

Why Summer Daylight is Longer than Winter Daylight

In the summer, the amount of daylight that we get is more than we get in winter. This is not because as much people think we are closer to the sun but because of the tilt of the earth.
The earth is actually closer to the sun in winter than it is in summer but you would be forgiven for thinking that this can not be true after looking out of your window on a cold and frosty morning.
It seems strange that as the earth get closer to the sun during its orbit then the amount of daylight that we get decrease. But that is the case. It is the tilt of the earth that determine the amount of daylight that we get and so the length of time that for us the sun is above the horizon

Exercise 

2. Write an explanation text telling about how rainbow is formed. Don’t forget to make a draft and

    include passive voices in your text.

    Answer : 

    How a Rainbow is Formed

A rainbow is a large spectral arc that occurs due to the refraction of sunlight by water droplets. Rainbows are also considered an optical and meteorological phenomenon in the form of parallel colored light that appears in the sky or other medium. A rainbow appears as an arc of light with its tip pointing towards the horizon during a light rain. Rainbows can also be seen around the clear waterfall.

Rainbows and other light effects in the sky are caused by light refracting and straying away from particles. At sunset, the sky turns red because sunlight passes through a much thicker atmosphere than when the sun is high in the sky at noon. Rainbows will not appear at night or when the weather is cloudy. This happens because rainbows are the result of refraction of light. At first the sunlight passes through a raindrop, then it is bent or refracted towards the center of the raindrop so that it separates white light into the colors of the spectrum.

Rainbows can only be seen when it rains at the same time as the sun is shining but from the opposite side to the observer. The position of the observer must be between the sun and impressed the water with the sun behind the person. The sun, the observer's eye and the center of the rainbow arc must be in a straight line. Light with the shortest wavelength, like purple, is on the curve and the light with the longest wavelength, like red, is on the outside.

5 question 

Text 1

Silkworms live for only two or three days after laying eggs. About 36,000 to 50,000 eggs are laid, and these are carefully stored at the silkworm farm until they are ready to hatch. The eggs hatch into caterpillars, which feed on mulberry leaves. Soon, the caterpillars are ready to spin their cocoons. Not all caterpillars can spin silk cocoons. Only the caterpillars of a silkworm moth known as ‘Bombyx mari’ can do such spinning. This caterpillar has special glands which secrete liquid silk through its lower lip. The liquid produced later hardens to form tine strands.

The caterpillar makes its cocoons using these strands. The threads on the outside of the cocoon are rough, while those inside are soft and smooth.

Some fully-spun cocoons are heated. This kills the pupa inside. The cocoons are then put into hot water to loosen the fine threads. Finally, these threads are reeled off the cocoons.

The length of unbroken thread produced by a single cocoon measures about one-and-a-half kilometers. Being twisted together several of these threads make single woven materials.


1. What is the purpose of the text ?
A. To persuade readers to buy silk.
B. To put silk into different categories.
C. To entertain readers with the knowledge.
D. To present some points of view about silk.
E. To describe how silk comes into existence.

2. How are the threads on the outside of the cocoon ?
A. Fine.
B. Soft.
C. Rough.
D. Strong.
E. Smooth.

3. What are mulberry leaves for ?.
A. Feeding caterpillars
B. Spinning cocoons.
C. Storing threads.
D. Hatching eggs.
E. Laying eggs.


Text 2

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to built up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion.

The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food onwards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

4. What is the text about?
A. The digestive system
B. The digestive juice
C. The method of the digestive system
D. The process of intestine work
E. The food substances

5. How can we swallow the food easily?
A. The food changes into acids absorbed by the villi.
B. The food must be digested first through the process.
C. The food is directly swallowed through esophagus into the stomach.
D. The food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach.
E. The food we take must be changed into substances carried in the blood to the places

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